Seasonal ecological indices were calculated for three keystone biological groups
(macroinvertebrates, fishes and aquatic birds) during the period 2005-2007 in three types of restored
southern Iraqi marshes freshwater non-tidal (Huwaiza), oligosaline non-tidal (West Hammar) and
mesosaline tidal (East Hammar). It seem that each marsh have its own timing for increase or decrease of
diversity, richness and evenness. In general high modes for ecological indices appeared in summer and
spring for macroinvertebrates and fishes lower ones in autumn and winter respectively, aquatic birds have
high score in winter–spring period and low one in summer. Differences did existed in styles and timing of
highest and lowest values in three types of marshes due to different prevailing ecological situation. Summer
was the time for higher score for ecological indices for macroinvertebrates and fishes, winter recorded the
lowest values. Aquatic birds have different mode. Non-tidal freshwater marsh was similar to non-tidal
oligosaline marsh especially in timing of high mode of ecological indices. Tidal mesosaline marsh partly
similar to non-tidal oligosaline and wildly different to that non-tidal freshwater marsh. The ecological
indices of aquatic birds improved gradually to reach integrated status. The improvement of hydrological
situation of the restored marshes led to improve of ecological indices especially those of aquatic birds.
Real Time Impact Factor:
Pending
Author Name: Najah A. Hussain 1, Atheer, H. Ali 2*, H. A. Hamzah1 and Laith F. Lazem3
URL: View PDF
Keywords: Southern Iraqi Marshes, macroinvertebrates, fishes, birds, ecological indices.
ISSN: 2410-2598
EISSN: 2410-2598
EOI/DOI:
Add Citation
Views: 1